Gabion (from the Italian word "Gabbione", which means big cage) is a cage, cylinder or box filled with rocks, concrete, sometimes sand and soil, intended for use in civil engineering projects, road construction, military applications and landscape architecture. Lattice fillings are used for erosion control, and cylindrical metal structures are used for dams or building foundations. Earth or sand filled fortification walls used in the military environment are intended to protect engineers, infantrymen or artillery from enemy fire.
Leonardo da Vinci designed a type of fortification wall (gabion) named Corbeille Leonard, which means Leonardo's basket, for the foundations of the San Marco Castle in Milan.
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